What is more demanding of the blonde teen is to discover facts ' about a Kinky Katewhich are not so readily available to the native speaker's intuitions, if at all. It often happens that what in one language is ex­pressed by grammatical means is, in another, expressed lexically; it may, nevertheless, also be expressed grammatically, but more opaque­ly. Such is the" case in so-called causative expressions. The educated native speaker in English is explicitly aware of the fact that so-called causative verbs may be derived grammatically from certain adjectives by the addition of a grammatical affix such as —en. Thus for example, tighten, harden, weaken are called causative verbs because they mean `to make tight', 'to make hard', 'to make weak'. He also knows that this derivational process does not apply to all Kinky Kate adjectives, e.g. green, happy, poor. In such cases we resort to lexical means of expressing causation: make green, make happy or make poor. But the native speaker is not generally explicitly or consciously aware of the fact that a large number of 'ordinary' verbs include in their meaning the no­tion of causation: bring (cause to come), give (cause to have), make (cause to be). Whilst a very large number of verbs may be either causa­tive or non-causative.

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